Histomorphometeric Study of Lymphoid Nodules of Vermiform

Histomorphometeric Study of Lymphoid Nodules of VermiformABSTRACT aim To record the lymphoid wavers of worm-shaped Appendix at various succession classifys to establish that extension is an important organ of gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and its role in etiology of acute appendicitis.Study Design comparative degree studyPlace and duration The study was conducted at Islamic transnational Medical College Rawalpindi from July 2011 to June 2013.Materials and Methods Four climb on radicals spacing 15 old days between separately conference, draw off last group ( advanced ripen) which had no limit because of less(prenominal) availability of the specimens, were made. In each group histological sections of 10 design looking surgically amputated worm-shaped appendices were included. The parameters including material body of lymphoid nodules and diam of lymphoid nodules measured under the microscope.Results There was gradual decrease of imply way out of lymphoid no dules with advancing age however thus far at the age of 74 few total of lymphoid nodules were observe. There was great wavering of diameter of lymphoid nodule at contrasting age groups entirely at advanced age it was much change magnitude. finis The lymphoid nodules decreased with advancing age just now these were present even at the age of 74 years. The diameters of lymphoid nodules argon remarkable except at advanced age.Key words Vermiform addendum, lymphoid nodule, Microscope.IntroductionThe clinical presentations associated with this invention ending tube (vermiform appendix) argon so more and diverse that many lives have been lost in the past either due to misdiagnosis, distraction or complications associated with it. The appendix length varies from 2 to 20 cm with an intermediate of 9 cm.1The variable build of lymphoid nodules located in the lamina propria extending to sub-mucosa, are arranged circumferentially around the lumen of the appendix. The crypts of Lie berkuhn are absent between epithelial lining and lymphoid nodules at places where the lymphoid nodules are close to epithelial lining. Zahid A. observed that the vermiform appendix is an important comp onent of mammalian mucosal resistive function, particularly B-lymphocyte-mediated immune responses and T-lymphocytes derived extra-thymically and it is also suggested that vermiform appendix is not a vestigial organ.2 The normal function of appendix probably helps to support local immunity.3 The appendix contains both isolated and aggregated lymphoid follicles and it is a part of gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT).4 The irregularity of the lumen of vermiform appendix is due to mucosal folds which appear due to lymphoid follicles.5 The lymphoid nodules appear in the vermiform appendix about two weeks after birth6. In full term gay fetus there is no obvious lymphoid tissue seen in the vermiform appendix but two well organized lymphoid nodules are observed deep down first two week s and about 10-12 well organized and prominent lymphoid nodules are visible in transverse section of vermiform appendix of man of thirty two weeks old.7 As the age advances, the weight of the appendix decreases because mo and size of lymphoid nodules reduces. In or near appendix, in any pathology, the primary and secondary immune response is high in infantile age.Materials and MethodsThis study was conducted at Islamic International Medical College Rawalpindi from July 2011 to June 2013. In this study, a total of 40 normally looking surgically amputated vermiform appendix specimens were included. According to age, these specimens were divided into four equal groups. Each group consists of 10 specimens with spacing of 15 years between each group except the last group. Due to less availability of appendices, the last group ranges from 46-74 years. The groups were as follow multitude A 0- 15 years Group B 16-30 years Group C 31-45 years Group D 46-74 yearsThe 5 micrometer thickness sectioning of tissue blocks with microtome made. The specimens stained with Haemotoxylin and Eosin. plainly the results of middle part of the vermiform appendix are included in this study. The histological slides were examined under the light microscope after calibration of ocular micrometer. role for measurement of the diameter of the lymphoid follicleThe measurements were taken twice for each nodules, one was taken among the maximum transverse diameter and an opposite at right to the first one. Then the issue of micrometer divisions were multiplied by the correlation coefficient factor derived earlier keeping the magnification constant. diam of the lymphoid follicle was calculated asMaximum transverse Diameter+ Perpendicular diameterDiameter of lymphoid follicle = 2By using the to a higher place formula the diameter of all lymphoid nodules of each slide were measured and then mean diameter of each slide calculated. Then the mean diameter of each group calculated as shown in the tables.DiscussionAt different age groups, the microanatomy of appendix is variable. The lumen size and wall thickness depends on number and diameter of lymphoid nodules. There are large numbers of lymphoid nodules in the vermiform appendix and it is a part of wild sweet pea Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT). It is proposed by Zahid A. that appendix perform to train immune system of the body for production of antibodies when exposed to antigen and also play a role in foetal development by manufacturing hormones.2In this study, the highest number of lymphoid nodules (10.3) is in the group B (16- 30 years) and the concluding number of lymphoid nodules (3.8) is in the group D (46-74 years). In a Bangladesh study8, the highest number of lymphoid follicles was in age group up to 20 years and lowest in age group between 56-70 years and too the diameter of lymphoid follicles is highest in age group up to 20 years and lowest in age group of 56-70 years but the age grouping was somewha t different from our study. In another study, the highest bonny diameter of lymphoid follicles was found in group 0-20 years and lowest average diameter was found above 50 years age.9 The above referred study agreed with Borley5 and Arey.10 In another Bangladesh study11 the mean numbers of lymphoid nodules are less than half of our study.In old age, the numbers of the lymphoid nodules are reduced and these are replaced by fibrous tissue.11,12 It is observed in our study, that although the mean number of lymphoid nodules is lowest (3.8) in group D (45-74Years) but even at the ages of 60 years, 63 years, and 65 years, the number of lymphoid nodules are equivalent to some specimens of group A, B, and C. Even at the age of 74 years three lymphoid nodules were found. Although the lymphoid nodules and other structures in the wall of appendix are replaced by fibrous tissue in old age but normally it is also observed in many adults13. The germinal centers in most of the lymphoid nodules of human appendix are present in the children up to16 years of age but the number of germinal centers are less in adults and they are absent in the nodules in old age persons.14 In our study the germinal centers were not explored.Like the vermiform appendix, the Peyers patches (Lymphoid nodules) which are severe at distal 25cm of ileum are more numerous in young adults and they become less prominent as age advances.15, 16ConclusionThe lymphoid nodules decreased with advancing age but these were present even at the age of 74 years. The diameters of lymphoid nodules are remarkable except at advanced age.Ann. Pak. Inst. Med. Sci. 2014 10(3) 161-1641