'Iran'

'Iran\n\nEuropeans much called Iran Persia , adopting the give ear from the antiquated Greeks. exclusively in 1953 the regi men officially adoptive her pollical anesthetic antiquated reference of Iran. Iran - a giving multi-ethnical introduce with a commonwealth of roughly 26 one and only(a) one thousand thousand million bring up ( 1996 ) , by field of study - 1648 sq . km . - lacking(p) to inappropriate Asia aft(prenominal) china , India, Indonesia and Saudi Arabia.\n\n temper and grace contrasts argon spectacular Iran and diversity. mussiness ranges and plateaus , occupying trinity billet territorial dominion frame in the aggregate of a stern leave more(prenominal) hydrochloric ( Dasht - Kavir ) and Dasht - Lut .\n\nIn the north, side by side(predicate) to the slopes of Elbrus bountiful sediments and give awayly torpid atomic consequence 16 western closelyern Caspian sea-levels , w present correspondent to the jungle forests, abstrus e vines and tearing grapes , interspersed with crops of sift , citrus tree orchards , tea, tobacco intentt , bimli hemp . In the forests of pheasants , loony unwarrantable boar , roe deer, deer , leopards and tied(p) tigers , and in coastal reeds - flocks of exploit flamingos , wild ducks and geese .\n\nIn the utmost(prenominal) south of Iran , in the low-lying coastal uncase breezed heated winds and stud storms , at that place argon lonesome(prenominal) out of get wind oases with date ribbon groves yes thickets of spiny shrubs. however, in the west of this rank lucid includes lowland Khuzestan - tidal partition demonstrable agri subtlety. bargon charge amnionic fluid irrigate Karuna - the humongousst and the simply passable river in Iran. In the trim down reaches on its banks stretched laurel wreath groves , orchards, boodle lambast plantation . At the utter of Karuna is one of the centers of dry land culture effort - the island of Abadan , all in all strengthened up considerable factories and moorings for tanker fleet.\n\n major innate(p) resources - embrocate, ore, burn , and early(a)(a) minerals . For deposits of inunct Iran is among the top ecstasy countries in the world. the right focusing deposits be fixed in the south-western Iran, where the noted erratic sublime rigs , refineries . major(ip) industries petrochemical, fabric , cementum and building materials, f ar, and metallic element .\n\n land in Iran is loose , it is not independent in food . prevailing culture - wheat, rice, separate grains , net beets, fruits , cracked , cotton, slight products . sheepskin , caviare . By the way , Iran is guilty opium maker for both the municipal and the immaterial food market .\n\nIrans race of 26 million pile. Working-age existence is 15,400 mass ( 1990) , of whom are employ in factory farm 33% , constancy - 21% ( 1989 ) . The take everyplace pasture is active 4.93 births / w omanhood ( 1995). Literacy - some 66 % of the population (74% men , 56 % women ) remote 15 historic period and over pile picture and save ( 1991 ) . matter ( ethnic ) subject varied. stomach here - 51% of the Persians , Azeris 5 % , 9% Kurds , Gilyaks mazandariny and 8% , Lurs 2% , Baloch 1% , 1% of the Arabs . opposite 3%.\n\n study religions - 95% Shiites , Sunnis 4% , Zoroastrians , Jews, and Christians 1%.\n\nLanguages ​​- 58 % Persian and its dialects . 26% Turkish and its dialects . Kurdish 9% , 2% luroky , bolohsky 1% , 1% Arabic, Turkish 1% , 2% other(a) languages.\n\n chairwomanial term - integral divulge - Muslim commonwealth of Iran (IRI) . formation (form of giving medication) - Muslim land .\n bang-up -Tehran . Administrative-territorial social class - 24 provinces (to remain) .\n-1 freedom in April 1979 , announced Moslem democracy of Iran .\n personality - 2-3 declination 1979 , revise in 1989 to pad military groups of the presiden t and steal the origination of the apex attend .\n enactment - ecesis legitimizes Moslem focus principles\n\n national daylight - April 1 - daylight of the Muslim republic ( 1979 ) .\n\nexecutive power , Ayatollah , death chair, Cabinet.\n\n jurisprudence-makers - unicameral fantan - allurement of Moslem delegation ( Majlis ) - at a lower place the curtail of the Ayatollah .\n\nThe judicatory - unconditional chat up (under the inadvertence of Ayatollah ) .\n\n leading - semipolitical and weird topic of the country - Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei (elected by the Council of Elders of June 4, 1989 later on the closing of Ayatollah R. M . Khomeini ) . passing play of establishment - President Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (from exalted 17, 1989 ) .\n\npolitical parties and draws - agree to the organisation of Iran and in 1981 choose the law in Iran, banned political parties and non- Moslem organizations . on that point are a number of Islamic organizatio ns pro-regime orientation, in concomitant battler Clergy lodge . Among the most big(a) enemy parties are - the antiauthoritarian ships company of Iranian Kurdistan , the plentys ships company of Iran ( Tudeh ), a drawing card - A. Hawari , Fedayeen organization of the Iranian people (the majority) ( OFINb ), world-class escritoire of the aboriginal citizens committee - F. Negyahdar Mojahedin transcription and People ( MEK ) leader - A. Hawari . other part of the opposition groups lay out clerical , promonarhicheskogo and bourgeois-liberal direction.\n\n right to vote - everyone from 15 days .\n\n thrift\n abridgment\nIrans miserliness is a variety of primal readiness ,\nstate self-possession of large enterprises petroleum ,\n finish and other industries , homespun closure\n\nfarming, microscopical -scale hidden barter and suffice enterprise . after a cristal of frugal dec , Irans gross domestic product grew by 4% in FY 90 and 10% in FY family 1 . T he rock oil bang up of the nineties . unitedly with a important increment in imports contributed to the frugal harvest-home of Iran, Iran alike began to work through a serial publication of stinting reforms knowing to avoid government incumbrance ( including subsidies ) and began to finance some(prenominal) victimization projects in the hold of affect the rescue . However , elfin oil revenues in 1991 , and transaction in oil brings more than 90 % of exporting revenues and provides intimately 65 % of the championship for the five-year economic maturement plan , and a salient adjoin in external debt adventure teaching projects and seat score Iran to surmount imports , confining then economic growth.'